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Principles of selecting electric motors for RC aircraft models
General principles of selection electric motors for RC Flying Models
- On average, it is assumed that per 1kg of aircraft such as trainer approximately 200W of motor power -
- For the acrobat it is 400W a model 3D min 500W. It is important to choose the right electric motor that will provide the optimal power for your model.
- For training models and models that do not require a lot of excess power, the upper limit of the recommended model weight given in the technical data is used.
- To aerobatic models, aerobatic mock-ups, high-speed models and models with a need for more excess power, the lower limit of the recommended model weight given in the technical data is used.
- With fewer supply cells, the drive will have a lower RPM, and depending on the diameter of the propellers, higher or lower current consumption (larger diameter - higher current consumption).
- With more power cells, the drive will have a higher RPM and, depending on the diameter of the propeller, a higher or lower current draw (larger diameter - higher current draw).
- Propellers with smaller in diameter, and consequently higher speed, result in a higher speed of the model.
- Propellers with larger diameter, and consequently lower speed, result in a lower speed of the model.
- The higher the current consumption, the shorter operating time power unit, resulting in the need for more frequent replacement of power sources.
- The use of a drive with more power cells, on the one hand, increases the power of the drive unit, but on the other hand, the demand for this power increases due to the higher total weight. Therefore, using the maximum number of power cells does not always give the best results. This principle is especially applicable to lightweight models (up to 2000g).
- Choosing the right maximum engine power is crucial for different types of models to ensure optimal performance and avoid the risk of damage.
Guide to selecting electric motors for RC model airplanes
Choosing an RC electric motor is important to the success of an aircraft model. RC motor affects performance and stability in the air. It is important that the power of the engine matches the weight and purpose of the model.
Novices can start with a 200W per kilogram weight motor. That's enough for the first flights. Advanced need 400W per kilogram, and pilot 3D models need at least 500W.
Introduction to electric motors in RC models
Electric motors in rc modeling have changed everything. They have made flying models better. Let's learn about the types and advantages of these modern engines.
Types of electric motors used in modeling
Two main types of electric motors are used in RC modeling:
- Brush motors - they are simpler and cheaper
- Brushless motors - better and more durable
Brushless motors are becoming increasingly popular. They help modelers perform better and fly longer. They are lighter and more powerful than brush motors.
Advantages of electric motors over internal combustion engines
Electric motors have many advantages over internal combustion engines:
| Feature | Electric rc motor | Internal combustion engine rc |
|---|---|---|
| Noise level | Quiet | Loud |
| Support | Simple | Complicated |
| Ecology | Environmentally friendly | Emits exhaust fumes |
| Launching | Immediate | Requires startup |
These advantages make electric motors increasingly popular. They are ideal for beginner modelers. Make it easier to operate and allow for a better flying experience.
Basic parameters of RC electric motors
When choosing an electric motor for an RC model, it is important to understand its key parameters. Among the most important are horsepower, KV ratio and torque. Let's learn more about these parameters.
Engine power and its importance
Engine power is the key to RC model performance. Determines how much energy it can produce in a unit of time. For example, the EMAX GT352604 motor has a power output of 1104 watts, ideal for large models. HOBBYWING Skywalker 2316SL-1250kv motor, with 615 watts of power, is better for lighter models.
KV (revolutions per volt) - what it is and how it affects performance
KV ratio measures motor revolutions per volt. Motors with higher KV turn faster, but have less torque. EMAX GT281209 motor, with KV 1060 rpm./V, is great for fast models. RMS GS C28-30-700KV, with lower KV, better suited for models needing more thrust.
RC motor torque
Torque is key to model's ability to float and maneuver. Engines with lower KV often have more torque. The RMS GS C28-30-700KV, despite its 220-watt power output, offers a pull of 900 g, which shows its high torque.
| Engine model | Maximum power | KV | Maximum thrust |
|---|---|---|---|
| EMAX GT352604 | 1104 W | - | - |
| EMAX GT281209 | 408 W | 1060 rpm./V | - |
| ABC-POWER 2212 /930 | 220 W | 930 rpm./V | 900 g |
| Skywalker 2316SL-1250kv | 615 W | 1250 rpm./V | - |
Principles of selecting electric motors for RC aircraft models
Choosing rc motors is an important issue in model aviation. There are several important things to take into account. The weight of the model, its purpose and the power needed are the main determining factors.
For training models, a lower-powered motor is a good choice. For aerobatic and high-speed models, it is better to choose a more powerful engine. This will allow for better dynamics.
An example of a good engine is the EMAX GT2820/07. It can help you choose an rc electric motor:
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of LiPo cells | 3-4 |
| KV ratio | 850 |
| Maximum thrust | 2300g |
| Maximum current consumption | 41A |
| Maximum output power | 656W |
| Recommended model weight | 800-2200g |
Number of links affects engine speed. More cells mean higher RPM and higher power consumption. Smaller propellers give faster flight, while larger propellers give more thrust.
When choosing an engine, you need to find a balance between power and flight time. Larger power consumption reduces operating time. Remember that the most cells is not always the best solution, especially with lighter models up to 2000g.
Effect of model weight on engine choice
Choosing an engine for aeronautical models is very important. The weight of the model has a big impact on which engine to choose. Lighter models need a less powerful engine, while heavier models need a more powerful one.
Relationship of engine power to aircraft weight
The weight of the model should be taken into account for the selection of the engine. For example, the 408W EMAX GT281209 motor is ideal for models weighing 600-1300 grams. HOBBYWING Skywalker 2320SL-1250kv motor, which generates 740W, is better for heavier models.
| Engine model | Maximum power | Recommended weight of the model |
|---|---|---|
| EMAX GT281209 | 408W | 600 - 1300g |
| HOBBYWING Skywalker 2320SL-1250kv | 740W | >1300g |
| ABC-POWER 2212/1000KV | 220W | <600g |
Selection differences for training and aerobatic models
Training models don't need powerful engines. About 200W per kilogram of weight is sufficient. Aerobatic models need more - up to 400W per kilogram. Extreme 3D models may require as much as 500W per kilogram.
Choosing a propeller for an electric motor
Choosing the right propeller is very important for an RC aircraft model. It is important to consider several factors when choosing. Propeller diameter and pitch affect model flight.
Propellers with smaller diameters and higher speeds give speed. They are good for racing models and those that need speed. Propellers that are larger but slower are better for aerobatic models and those that need a lot of power.
When choosing a propeller, keep in mind its effect on power consumption and flight time. Larger propellers increase power consumption, which can reduce flight time. It is important to find a balance between performance and flight time.
- Two-blade propellers are universal and work well on most models
- Three-blade propellers offer more thrust, but at the expense of efficiency
- Carbon propellers are lightweight and durable, ideal for demanding models
When choosing a propeller, be sure to match it to your model and engine. Experimenting with different combinations can help you find the best setting for your model.
The importance of batteries in RC motor selection
Choosing batteries for RC motors, it's important to understand their impact on the model. Good performance and long flight time depend on which batteries you choose. It is important to know the relationship between the number of cells and the RC motor.
More cells mean higher voltage and higher RC motor speed. But remember that more cells also means more load on the engine and more power consumption.
Balance between power and flight time
It's easy to overdo the power and flight time. High-speed engine gives great performance, but shorter flight time. Battery with fewer cells extends flight, but lowers power output. The choice depends on the pilot's purpose and preferences.
| Number of cells | Voltage | Typical application |
|---|---|---|
| 2S (2 cells) | 7.4V | Small training models |
| 3S (3 cells) | 11.1V | Medium recreational models |
| 4S (4 cells) | 14.8V | Large aerobatic models |
When choosing a battery, keep in mind the weight of the model, its purpose and expectations. A well-chosen battery will ensure the best performance and enjoyment of flight.
Cooling of electric motors in RC models
Cooling an rc electric motor is important for its performance and lifespan. Well-managed temperature allows better use of power. It also prevents premature wear of the engine.
Methods for efficient cooling
Effective methods of cooling rc electric motors are:
- Application of heat sinks
- Use of fans
- Air circulation design
- Selection of materials with high thermal conductivity
The choice of method depends on the type of engine and its application. For example, the EMAX GT2812/09 KV1060 motor with 408W and 1450g thrust requires effective cooling.
The importance of heat sinks and fans
Heat sinks and fans are key in cooling rc electric motors. Heat sinks increase heat transfer surface area. Fans speed up heat dissipation.
For motors with a diameter of 35mm, such as the RMS GS A28-26-1250KV with a power output of 180W, heat sinks of about 45mm in diameter and 50mm in length are needed. Choosing the right heatsink and fan is important to maintain optimal temperatures.RC motor speed control
RPM control of the rc motor is an important part of model aircraft control. Special regulators are used for this. They allow precise control of the speed of the electric motor.
Modern rc motor speed controllers have advanced features. For example, the QuicRun WP 1625 25A model is ideal for smaller 1:16 and 1:18 scale models. It allows for seamless speed control and programming via card or transmitter.
- Maximum operating current
- Compatibility with battery type (LiPo, NiMH, NiCd)
- Programmability
- Built-in security features
Choosing the right regulator is crucial to performance. For example, EMAX's 54W GT2203 motor requires a regulator with a current of at least 6.8A. The 408W GT281209 motor already requires a 30A regulator.
| Engine model | Maximum power | Minimum regulator current |
|---|---|---|
| GT2203 | 54W | 6,8A |
| GT221009 | 144W | 18A |
| GT281209 | 408W | 30A |
Correct rc motor speed control allows for better use of the model's capabilities. Ensures smooth flight in a variety of conditions.
Application
Choosing an RC electric motor is an important step in model aviation. A well-chosen engine affects the performance, safety and enjoyment of flying. Important factors here are power, KV and torque.
When choosing an engine, you need to keep in mind the weight of the model and its purpose. The motor must match the propeller and battery, forming a drive unit. Do not forget to cool the engine, it is important for its durability.
In summary, selecting an electric motor is an art. You need to know time and frequency characteristics and methods of analyzing linear systems. A good choice will ensure flight stability and enjoyment of RC modeling.
FAQ
Q: What are the advantages of electric motors over internal combustion engines?
A: Electric motors are quiet and easy to operate. They are also greener than internal combustion engines.
Q: What are the types of electric motors used in modeling?
A: Two main types of electric motors are used in RC modeling. These are brushless motors, which are more efficient and durable. There are also cheaper brush motors that are simpler in design.
Q: What does the KV parameter mean and how does it affect the performance of the model?
A: KV parameter is the number of revolutions per volt. Has a major impact on engine speed. Motor with higher KV value runs faster.
Q: Why engine torque is important?
A: RC motor torque is very important. Determines model's ability to float and maneuver. More torque means better performance.
Q: How to choose engine power according to the weight and purpose of the model?
A: Engine power depends on the weight of the model and its purpose. Training models need less power, about 200W per 1kg. Aerobatic models need more, about 400W per 1kg. 3D models require at least 500W per 1kg.
Q: How does propeller choice affect model performance?
A: A propeller with a smaller diameter and higher rotational speed gives the model more speed. The larger diameter propeller provides more thrust but less speed.
Q: How to choose the number of battery cells for an engine?
A: More cells mean higher engine speed, but higher power requirements. You need to find a balance between power and flight time.
Q: Why efficient engine cooling is important?
A: Good cooling of an electric motor is crucial for its performance and durability. Uses heat sinks and fans to dissipate heat.
Q: How do you adjust the speed of the RC motor?
A: RC motor speed is regulated by speed controllers. They give smooth speed control and can be programmed.
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